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Animal Wise: How We Know Animals Think and Feel, by Virginia Morell
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New York Times�Bestseller
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Have you ever wondered what it is like to be a fish? Or a parrot, dolphin, or�an�elephant?� Do they experience thoughts that are similar to ours, or have feelings of grief and love? These are tough questions, but scientists are answering them. They know that ants teach and rats love to be tickled. They’ve discovered that dogs have thousand-word vocabularies and that birds practice their songs in their sleep. But how do scientists know these things?
���Animal Wise takes us on a dazzling odyssey into the inner world of animals and among the pioneering researchers who are leading the way into once-forbidden territory: the animal mind.�Morell uses her formidable gifts as a storyteller to transport us to field sites and laboratories around the world, introducing us to animal-cognition scientists and their surprisingly intelligent and sensitive subjects. She explores how this rapidly evolving, controversial field has only recently overturned old notions about why animals behave as they do. In this surprising and moving book, Morell brings the world of nature brilliantly alive in a nuanced, deeply felt appreciation of the human-animal bond.
- Sales Rank: #109297 in Books
- Published on: 2014-03-25
- Released on: 2014-03-25
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.00" h x .70" w x 5.20" l, .51 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 304 pages
From Booklist
Animals have minds, and they use them. As science-writer Morell (Ancestral Passions, 1996; Blue Nile, 2001) points out, the question isn’t “do animals think?” but “what do they think?” Morell’s journey into the minds of animals (and the researchers who study them) began when she watched her dog invent a game; but she was truly set on her path after clearly being singled out by one of Jane Goodall’s chimpanzee subjects. In this exploration of animal cognition, the author visits numerous scientists and observes their research, both in laboratories and in the wild. She sees firsthand, and reports in thoroughly engaging language, research with animals as disparate as ants and elephants, or from such different lifestyles as rats and dolphins. We learn of ants that teach other ants, of rats that express their social joy through special chirps that resemble laughter, and of elephants that grieve for their dead. Archerfish show us that fish can imitate other fish, and dogs reveal that they understand human rules. --Nancy Bent
Review
Finalist, Los Angeles Times Book Prize
An ALA Notable Book of the Year
A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of 2013
A Scientific American Best Summer Science Book
A Bark Magazine Favorite Summer Book
“Touching and provocative... well-told and often heart-wrenching.” —Washington Post
“A fascinating, accessible look at animal cognition.” —People
“This enthralling book might change the way we perceive other species who share the planet with us….A compelling read.” —Bark magazine
“This charming book about animal intelligence….has a nice arc to its structure—working from generally more basic (although still remarkable) cognitive abilities of creatures like adventurous ants to the complex thinking of chimps—and it is threaded through with philosophical questions that are as thought-provoking as the creatures and experiments she chronicles.” —Smithsonian magazine
“For most of the 20th Century, animals weren’t allowed to have emotions…But Virginia Morell’s new book, Animal Wise, tells a new story. After six years of reporting in 11 different countries, the longtime science journalist is pretty certain: Animals feel. And strongly, as it turns out.” —Wired
“Each chapter takes readers on an adventure alongside researchers as they probe the minds of such disparate creatures as ants, trout, dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees.” —Scientific American
“Virginia Morell sheds light on the many surprises of cognitive awareness of animals.” —San Francisco Chronicle
“Animal Wise presents the latest research on the cognitive processes and emotional expressions manifested in animal behavior [and] reveals a dazzling, amazing world of animal behaviors.” —Portland Oregonian
“For page after exciting page, [Morell] shows [animals] making decisions, remembering the past, planning the future, and helping others in distress….She resists the urge to close her fine book with musings on what makes humans special. Bravo. It’s humbler, wiser, and more instructive to stop looking down at animals from an imaginary evolutionary pinnacle and, instead, to try to see them as fellow thinking, feeling beings with minds as worthy of understanding as our own.” —Sy Montgomery, American Scholar
“Heart- and brain-stirring...An unprecedented tour....about what goes on in the hearts and minds of our fellow beings, from the laughter of rats to the intellectual curiosity of dolphins.” —Maria Popova, Brain Pickings
“Moving and entertaining….[Morell] takes a journalist’s approach to the question of animal minds, but shows a deep compassion and empathy for her subjects, which include species separated by some 100 million years of evolution….[She] obliterates the lines that might separate us from the rest of the animal kingdom by relating trailblazing discoveries of the emotional and intellectual lives of animals. In the process, she challenges us to rethink our ethical obligations to the creatures who share our world.” —KQED.org
“There aren’t enough words in the English language to do justice to Animal Wise... This remarkable book by Virginia Morell is transcendent... Readers will be dazzled by the profound insights being gained through scientific study.” —Examiner.com
“Each chapter presents some fascinating and surprising observations…. [Animal Wise] is a good read; it is entertaining and thought-provoking.” —Tucson Citizen
“Thank goodness for sensitive and compassionate writers like Virginia Morell….She has written a stunning volume charting the latest research on wild and domestic animal cognition and emotions.” —Spirituality and Practice
“Animal Wise brings up a lot of important questions. I would recommend�[it] for anyone who cares about animals, not only for the wonders it reveals but for the chance it offers to make a difference in their lives.” —EcoLit Books
“Morell passionately and consistently proves her point in this frequently fascinating study of animal behavior…. [She] is a gifted writer with a deep knowledge base that never talks down to the reader or the academic community—no small feat.”
—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
“A delightful exploration of how animals think….Morell makes a fascinating, convincing case that even primitive animals give some thought to their actions.”
—Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
“After you read this book, you will be convinced that many different animal species have true thoughts and emotions.� You will take a journey to the center of the animal mind.” —Temple Grandin, author of Animals in Translation and Animals Make Us Human
“From real-estate appraising ants and wife-beating parrots to laughing rats, grieving elephants, and dogs that play Simon Says, Virginia Morell’s Animal Wise is a fascinating and intellectually sweeping overview of the new science of animal cognition.� With Morell’s unusual ability to capture the passion and humanity of these scientists, this extraordinary book is an impressive treatment of animal minds and a must read for anyone who has ever wondered what is going on in the heads of the creatures we share our world with.” —Hal Herzog, author of Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat
“Why is it that until very recently, many scientists claimed that animals can’t think?� Every pet owner knows better, and Virginia Morell is our champion.� But she’s not going on guesswork and opinion – Animal Wise is thoroughly and meticulously researched.� And it’s a page-turner – a window to the natural world that will change the way we view other species.� We place ourselves at the top of the evolutionary ladder.� Of course we do.� We invented the ladder.� In her marvelous book, Morell displays the folly of this viewpoint.� Animal Wise is fabulous!” —Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, author of The Hidden Life of Dogs
“Morell’s Animal Wise is science writing at its best.� Here she not only translates scientists’ jargon and data into enviable prose, but transmits her love of the field to her audience.� Novice readers will be enthralled to learn about the intelligence of the creatures in this book, and experts will be extremely pleased to see how she makes their work and that of their colleagues accessible to everyone.” —Irene Pepperberg, author of Alex & Me
“From chimpanzees playing computer games to amorous dolphins, Virginia Morell takes us on a lively tour of what we have learned about the emotions and intelligence of animals.� By inviting scientists to tell their personal side of the story, she not only brings the animals closer but also the thrill of discovery.” —Frans de Waal, author of The Age of Empathy
“These animals have incredible minds.� Now thanks to Morell they have a voice.� I love this book.� It makes me even prouder to share this Earth with our non-human kin.” —Jennifer S. Holland, author of Unlikely Friendships
“Anyone who reads this book will be changed forever in their view of life on earth.” —Richard E. Leakey, FRS, Stony Brook Professor of Anthropology and author of The Sixth Extinction
“The scientific expertise Virginia Morell provides to this very important subject, and the way she ties this in with the researchers who know their animals – because knowing them is their life work – make this an important book and a great read.”
—Bernd Heinrich, author of Life Everlasting
“Animal Wise brings the reader into the lab and field to learn firsthand from the scientists that marvel over the minds of other animals.� Using the sharp pen of an investigative reporter, Morell exposes the expected brilliance of apes, dolphins, and parrots, but also surprises us with simple discoveries of genius among fishes and ants, and even laughter among rats.� Each page allows you to anticipate, sweat, grieve, and celebrate with dedicated scientists as you discover and experience their worlds, and those within the minds of the astounding animals that they study.� Your journey causes reflection; a consideration of how we treat other species and what they think about us.” —John Marzluff, Professor of Wildlife Science, University of Washington and author of Dog Days, Raven Nights and Gifts of the Crow
“Animal Wise is a thought-provoking and highly engaging set of essays that captures the changing views of scientists toward the minds and emotional lives of animals. It is sure to have broad impact on attitudes towards other species and our treatment of them. Thank you, Virginia Morell, for adding legitimacy to what we have so painstakingly observed.” —Joyce Poole, PhD, Co-Director of ElephantVoices, member of the Amboseli Elephant Research Project, and author of Coming of Age With Elephants
“In sprightly and clear prose Virginia Morell enters the world of animals with respect and insight and with the compelling argument that our lives differ only in degree.� The recognition that we are bound in mind to many other creatures, all of them dependent on us for survival, will, I hope, arouse our compassion and assure them a future.� This is a fascinating, timely, and important book.” —George B. Schaller, Panthera and Wildlife Conservation Society
“From ants to apes, Animal Wise covers wide-ranging scientific research on the cognitive and emotional capacities of many different non-human animals.� Noted author Virginia Morell writes clearly and concisely, and this easy read will surely be good for animals because we must use what we know about them to make their lives better in an increasingly human dominated world.” —Marc Bekoff, author of The Emotional Lives of Animals and The Animal Manifesto and editor of Ignoring Nature No More
“It is nice to see a science writer of Virginia Morell’s distinction take on this increasingly important topic, and it is good to have her calm and careful voice added to the conversation. �She has a great deal to teach us about the latest research on the frontiers of this fascinating new world.� Animal Wise is a fine book.” —Jeffrey Masson, author of When Elephants Weep
About the Author
VIRGINIA MORELL is a prolific contributor to National Geographic, Science, and Smithsonian, among other publications. She is also the author of Ancestral Passions, a New York Times Notable Book of the Year; Blue Nile; and coauthor with Richard Leakey of Wildlife Wars.
Most helpful customer reviews
61 of 65 people found the following review helpful.
Good Data for Animal Ethics
By William Bagley
The book is a well written interweaving of scientific, philosophical, and ethical reflections about animals combined with stories and interviews about events and experiments related to whether or not animals think and feel. I like the way that the author shows a kind of methodological bias that predisposes the researcher to not believing that animals can think and feel, a criterion that would make it hard to prove that we can think and feel (similar to the behaviorist arguments of B. F. Skinner proposed in BEYOND FREEDOM AND DIGNITY). The author further goes into several select experiments to do prove, to me, that animals can think and feel. There are some choice quotes seeded throughout the book and are designed to provoke some thinking of our own about the subject, like (page 50):
"Intelligent circuitry can be assembled in any brain, that's my big belief," Schuster said, where he did several of his archerfish studies. (He's since moved to Bayreuth.) "It's not limited to those animals with large brains and many neurons," he said. "if evolution requires it [this kind of intelligent circuitry], it will be assembled--even with a small number of neurons."
And (page 96):
"People have wondered about this for centuries," Berg said. In captivity, he added, parrots do not simply react when humans speak to them (as dogs, cats, chimpanzees, and other animals do); they also articulate responses, almost as if talking back, and sometimes even use words in the correct context; as Alex did. "Those kinds of vocalizations absolutely send a shiver up the spine of cognitive scientists," Berg said, because they suggest that parrots have some innate understanding of the purpose and functions of words as sounds that convey meaning. When a pet parrot uses the words 'hello', 'good night', or others appropriately it is probably not communicating about sex or violence. It is calling--and, most importantly, apparently meaning--"hello" and "good night"."
Each main chapter focuses on one animal, fish and pain, elephants and memory, dolphins and intelligence (there are two chapters on dolphins), and rats and laughter.
The author uses the narrative approach to writing that I like, taking the relevant details of the experiment and weaving them into the story, some parts revealed in discusses, in quotes, and material coming from learned sources (like quoting Darwin's thoughts on the subject and thinking about how his thoughts fit into new experiments and research that did not exist in Darwin's time). Although the author states her bias that animals do think and feel (though why and how is another interesting story), she gives enough data for people to make their own conclusions. The scientists that the author meets are described in very human terms so that it is easy to empathize with them and to feel their excitement at what they are discovering.
The book has an extensive set of notes and an extensive bibliography for further research. The table of contents is well organized so that it is relatively easy to find subjects and themes. The edition that I have does not have an index, but I suspect the final one will.
I would recommend this book to anyone who is interested in animal ethics who wonders if we are the only species of animal that does think and feel, or wonders how do you go about researching this issue in a way that does not metaphysically presuppose a yes or no answer (the approach of science is to verify a hypothesis by designing experiments where some possible observation can confirm or not confirm the hypothesis). I can see this book as a useful one for an college class discussion on animal ethics. By itself, it does not go into animal ethics very much, but it touches upon many issues that are relevant to this subject. How we see animals, whether we see them as sentient beings that love, nurture, and protect their children or as merely cellular clumps with neurological reflexes programmed to respond to the environment in rigid robotic ways (aka "no soul" worthy of moral consideration) is directly related to this issue and this book offers some very relevant material to fuel this kind of discussion.
I enjoyed reading the book, because it feels "convergent" with other books that I have read and with personal experiences I have had with animals. My feeling is that when something is on track and accurate, it tends to confirm and be confirmed by other books and experiences that are formed in the same way, with the same "scientific curiosity." I am not surprised at the implied conclusion that animals do think and feel, but I am surprised at some of the things discovered that tend to confirm this. I am also happy that the author writes well, in narrative style, because it makes what could have been presented as dull research into something enjoyable to read. It also makes the information easier to remember, since a story is a good way of giving otherwise isolated facts a kind of cohesion that allows them to be remembered as whole packet. I wish more of my college books had this.
21 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
For animal lovers, science buffs, or anyone with a curiosity bump!
By Angie Boyter
Do animal have minds? Are they aware of themselves as entities? Do they love? Grieve? Are lower-order animals capable of learning, or do they just operate on instinct? How much of our thinking and emotions do we share with our fellow creatures, and how much is uniquely human? Those who have loved furry companions tend to one extreme; those not fortunate enough to have had a relationship with a non-human companion tend to the other and may regard most animals as little more than a mobile bundle of instincts. In Animal Wise, science and nature writer Virginia Morell follows the work of dedicated scientists trying to learn the truth about the inner lives of animals from ants to dolphins and chimps.
Each chapter is devoted to the work on a particular species. It begins with ants and runs through fish, parrotlets, parrots, rats (who laugh!), elephants, dolphins (both wild and captive), chimpanzees and other primates, and finally dogs and wolves. Interestingly, Morell, who lives with both cats and dogs, notes that little work has been done on cognition in cats, an omission that I would infer might derive from the innate nature of the subjects as much as a lack of interest.
There are many different things to enjoy in Animal Wise. The animal behavior she documents is delightful and often touching, whether it be archer fish bringing down their prey by squirting them with jets of water or dolphins helping injured members of their species. Equally fascinating are Morell's descriptions of the extremes to which the scientists must go to carry out their work. For example, she recounts the almost bizarrely painstaking process whereby Dr. Nigel Franks and his teams paint tiny dots on the bodies of ants so that they can identify individuals in the course of their study. The conditions that the scientists are willing to endure are also impressive, such as Zsofia Viranyi, an Austrian scientist who is introduced as she emerges after sleeping overnight with six wolf pups in a barn. On a more philosophical level we see the scientists' struggles to control obvious emotional connections with their subjects to maintain an objective point of view.
As is true in many areas of science, there is a great deal we do not yet know about animal minds, abilities, and emotions. Much work still needs to be done, and Morell is smart enough not to try to tie up loose ends with tidy but unwarranted conclusions. If there is one general message that emerges from the totality of the work described in the book, it is, as she says in the epilogue, "we now know that we live in a world of sentient beings, not one of stimulus-response machines [Now]we need to ask: `How should we treat these other emotional, thinking creatures?'"
37 of 48 people found the following review helpful.
This book has me in a pickle!
By feemeister
This review, for some reason, is very hard for me to write. The book kind of missed the mark for me, and I cannot figure out why that is; I think I must have been looking for something different than it offered.
Some of the chapters were very interesting. I really enjoyed the one on the birds, and also the one on the elephants and the rats. The other chapters were just really hard for me to get through, and some were actually boring.
From the writeup on this book, ''ants teach, earthworms make decisions, rats love to be tickled, and chimps grieve . . .dogs have thousand word vocabularies and that birds practice songs in their sleep? That crows improvise tools, blue jays plan ahead, and moths remember living as caterpillars?'' I just thought this was going to be a very exciting read. Instead we get blue jays planning ahead is them hiding nuts? And everyone knows squirrels hide away nuts; how is this something different? I was expecting I guess plans that I had never thought of animals as having, instead of something that didn't seem unusual at all. And dogs having thousand word vocabularies was apparently only specially trained dogs. I thought she meant all dogs, and was going to show things about all dogs, not specially trained ones. Now the crows improvising tools was TOTALLY cool! I had NO idea about that and it was very mind opening. I was sorry there wasn't more information on them and what else they might be capable of. As far as the rats being tickled, it was kind of strange, but was interesting and written in a more engaging way than some of the other chapters. I was rather upset though about rats having their feet shocked. What kind of effect does this have on the hearts of the poor little things? I guess the heart wasn't part of the experiments though. I really enjoyed the chapter on the elephants, and would like to have seen more information than was given on them.
And I do have to say that the sexual bit about the dolphin Peter and the trainer Howe were rather a shock. In fact, I could have gone all year without reading about that. That whole ''experiment'' seemed highly questionable to me. Is this something routinely done in animal experiments? I haven't read about that many of them, but have never heard of anything like that before (thank goodness)!
I thought this book was going to have lots of great science showing lots of things I didn't know about. Instead, about the only things really worth learning to me was the crows and their tools, and Alex the Parrot and the things he could do (I had never heard of him before). Was rather surprised there was not a chapter on squirrels, with all the things we know they are capable of, and cats, many of which are very smart.
Don't know whether to recommend this or not. On one hand, there were a few really interesting things in it. On the other hand, is it really worth slogging through the boring parts?
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